Informatics Publishing Limited

S. P. Singh ¹, Harminder Singh ², Nafees Ahmed ³, Huma Sehar ², Nimit Kumar ², Chandan Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
3 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Shere- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

The NREGA addresses itself chiefly to working people and their fundamental right to live with dignity. The success of the NREGA, however, will depend on people's realization of the Act as a right. The issues involved in empowering workers are in the range of enhancement of knowledge levels, development of literacy skills and organizing workers. Enhancing social security levels of workers also needs to be considered. Another important task is to link NREGA with other developmental programmes. Empowerment of workers and creation of durable assets depend, in terms of their strategies, to a great extent on the linkages between NREGA and other development programmes. Linkages with human development programmes such as the National Rural Health Mission and the National Literacy Mission are needed to ensure basic human entitlements to workers that in turn will enhance their capacity to negotiate their rights under the Act. Linkages with other livelihood and infrastructure initiatives need to be considered for sustainable employment. The thrust of NREGA is on strengthening the natural resource base of livelihood. Initiatives for natural resource management also need to be dovetailed with income generation projects to enable workers to move from wage employment to self-sustaining employment. In addition to this, there is a need to improve the technological options for performances and monitoring.

Keywords

NREGA, MGNREGA, Socio-economic Impact, Rural Population

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Nimit Kumar ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, Jyoti Kachroo ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Chandan Kumar ¹, Nafees Ahmed ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Stastistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

An investigation entitled economic analysis of cost and returns of Basmati rice in Jammu district of J&K state was conducted in Basmati grown two different development blocks of Jammu district (R. S. Pura and Bishnah) during the agricultural year 2011-12. Four villages from each block were selected randomly. Further, from each village, 10 farmers were selected randomly, so as to constitute a total sample size of 80. Primary data on costs and returns of the Basmati was done by interviewing the farmers with the help of specially structured and pretested schedule and by visiting growers. The per hectare total costs of cultivation (cost-C₂) of Basmati rice worked out to be Rs. 34107.21, Rs. 36895.48, Rs. 39414.98 and Rs. 40517.49 in case of marginal, small, medium and large farms, respectively, with an overall average farms of Rs. 38199.29 while as the respective cost A1, cost A2,cost B1, cost B2 and cost C1were Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 19363.48, Rs. 28521.21 and Rs. 24949.48 in case of marginal farms, Rs. 20305.58, Rs. 21745.58, Rs. 22469.84, Rs. 32691.48 and Rs. 26673.84 for small farms, Rs. 21804.10, Rs. 25004.10, Rs. 24622.52, Rs. 36183.98 and Rs. 27853.52 for medium farms, and Rs. 23094.17, Rs. 26694.17, Rs. 26315.43, Rs. 38287.49 and Rs. 28545.43 for large farms and on an average of overall farms were Rs. 20610.69, Rs. 23410.69, Rs. 22972.38, Rs. 34259.83 and Rs. 26911.84, respectively. The overall per hectare returns of Basmati rice were Rs. 53869.00, Rs. 53585.83, Rs. 53462.04, Rs. 54118.08 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms was Rs. 53684.06. The benefit cost ratio on the total cost of cultivation was 1: 1.57, 1: 1.45, 1: 1.36 and 1: 1.34 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms were 1: 1.40.

Keywords

Cost Concept, Item Wise Cost, Cost Structure, C-B Ratio

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Arvind Singh ¹, Benjamin Kurten ², Riaan Cedras ³, Michelle Fernandes ⁴, Nimit Kumar ⁵

Affiliations
1 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009
2 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, SA
3 University of the Western Cape, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, ZA
4 CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, IN
5 ESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

The first International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE; conducted in the early 1960s) was one of the greatest international, interdisciplinary oceanographic research efforts. It involved 46 research vessels (under 14 different flags) that carried out an unprecedented number of hydrographic surveys (and repeat surveys) of the entire Indian Ocean (IO) basin from 1960 to 1965. One key to the successful qualitative and quantitative assessment of plankton organisms across the IO was the unification of zooplankton collections using the IO Standard Net.

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